After we have confirmed that the greatly unified society is the only choice for saving mankind, what comes to our mind first is whether it is possible to found the greatly unified society that is unprecedented in human history. To put in specific, the so called possibility mainly concerns problems in two aspects, the first is whether the greatly unified society could be governed effectively, if the society can’t be governed effectively, then the assumption will be a pure theoretic dream that can’t be put into practice, and we haven’t found a feasible method to save mankind; meanwhile, we should realize how difficult to realize great unification will be, or in other words, to realize great unification, there are how many advantageous factors and disadvantageous factors for great unification at present, and whether these unfavorable factors will influence the process of great unification.
Section I Governablility of the Greatly Unified Society
Historical experience tells us that the prime conditions for governance of large country are traffic and communications. Without convenient traffic and communications, governmental decrees and directives couldn’t be truly carried out, and the nation couldn’t’t be governed effectively.
As we know, the larger territory and population will mean more complicated political, economic, social, military and natural factors that are uncertain. Please think, if serious natural disaster occurs at remote area, information is reported to central government three to four months later, and another four to five months have passed when disaster relief actions are adopted, and relief materials arrive there, then losses caused can't be relieved or covered; if central government decides to implement an important policy according to actual situation of state, but it needs one or two years time from conference notice to start of implementation, then real situation will have greatly changed in this period, and policy previously made will be out of date far ago.
World regime of the greatly unified society will face the whole world, and will handle affairs of the whole globe and mankind, from North Pole to South Pole, including both east hemisphere and west hemisphere. There will be numerous things happened everyday on the earth with population of tens of billion, and world regime needs to issue numerous political orders everyday, without very convenient traffic conditions, communication conditions, and rich and direct medias, governmental decrees and directives of the greatly unified society couldn’t be truly carried out, the society couldn’t be governed efficiently, and the society will lose base of foundation. So convenient, swift, rich and efficient communication conditions that are necessary for true implementation of governmental decrees and directives are necessary conditions that are decisive to foundation of the greatly unified society.
Governance requirements of the greatly unified society concern factors in many aspects, including whether political, economical, cultural and social systems are feasible, regional fusion, ethic fusion, character and language problems, as well as traffic, communication, media and other communication measures. System, religion, nationality, character and language problems could be solved by our efforts, so we call such conditions as soft conditions. While technical conditions like traffic, communication and media will be restricted by scientific and technological levels of the era, the greatly unified society which will strictly restrict development of science and technology will play its role with traffic, communication and media measures at that time, and will have to get used to these conditions, rather than be able to change them, so these conditions are hard conditions, and we call them hard technical conditions, or technical conditions for short.
As soft conditions could change, while hard conditions can’t, whether the greatly unified society could be governed will completely depend on hard conditions at the time, or in other words, whether technical conditions could meet requirements of global governance of the greatly unified society, and the requirement is to make sure that governmental decrees and directives are truly carried out. We will start elaboration on relevant problems in following paragraphs.
I. On True Implementation of Political Decrees
In a broad sense, true implementation of political decrees of the greatly unified society has two aspects, first, there must be laws to observe in the world and in every aspects of human society, and world regime and local regimes at various levels could be selected through legal procedures. “Laws” hereby refer to laws of the greatly unified society formulated through legal procedures, and it is binding to every person, group, organization and institution; second, all necessary decision made and actions adopted by world regime and local regimes at various levels of the greatly unified society within legal authoritative scopes could be implemented effectively and timely, and information feedback could be reflected timely also.
To research the question of true implementation of political decrees, we must get to know administrative measures and procedures first. Generally speaking, administrative measures and procedures could be divided into several aspects as follows:
1. Regime Selection
The key for regime selection of the greatly unified society is selection of world regime. If world regime could be selected successfully and could operate efficiently, then regional regimes could be successfully selected and could operate effectively.
According to regime structure generally used in human society at present, selection of world regime will have two parts in general, the first of which will be selection of heads of world government, and the second will be selection of councilor of world parliament.
In view of hard technical conditions, to select government heads and councilors truly through democratic mode worldwide will be the most difficult way to form world regime, because to select these heads by democratic mode, the first requirement is to let voters know candidates adequately, voters hereby include all people that have rights to vote, and knowledge about candidates include both their political opinions, moralities, administrative ability, and language expression and manners.
To be truly democratic in such a wide area and among so large a group, information on every candidate must be timely, quickly and vividly reflected to every voter, and voter should be able to vote conveniently and accurately, what’s more, ballots should be quickly and accurately calculated, and election results could come into being fluently. Just because of above requirements, democratic election has much higher technical requirements than non-democratic election. Non-democratic election needs discussion within a small scope only, power successor could come into being even by appointment of special staff, so technical requirements of non-democratic mode are not very high.
2. Report of Political Information
The so-called report of political information means that all important issues about living, life, work and study of the general public could be swiftly reported to governmental departments at various levels through multiple channels, then local regimes will timely report the issues to the highest governmental department—department of world regime.
3. Issuance of Political Decree
According to summary and research of political information reported from different regions, relevant departments of world regime will prepare various measures, and decide to adopt various actions within their authority. Some of these measures and actions need to be jointly implemented worldwide, some need to be implemented by some groups, some needs to be implemented by governmental organizations at various levels, and some will be directly implemented by world regime itself. Meanwhile, contents of some political decrees might be new requirements on existing laws and regulations. No matter what decree it is, the political decree must be sent to staffs that will implement the decree, without any delay or change in the process, particular decree about coping with natural disaster, man-made disaster and social upheaval, under which conditions, political decrees of world regime will be required to be sent to relevant staffs directly.
4. Implementation of Political Decree
Implementation of political decree directly follows issuance of political decree. Political decree issued by the world regime that manages affairs of the whole globe will be highly principled, and often needs to be broken down before sending to lower level. Governmental departments will also need to be responsible for specific implementation and operation of some decrees. No matter what kind of decree it is, it must be implemented roundly, truly and timely, no delay or revision of decree is allowed. If every government level revises political decree issued by world regime slightly, then decree will be completely different when reaching final implementation level, if every government level delays implementation of political decree slightly, final implementation of the political decree will be much delayed. The greatly unified society will have much stricter requirements on accuracy, effectiveness and timeliness of political decree implementation, because scopes covered by the greatly unified society are too wide.
5. Supervision of Political Decree
Supervision of political decree means supervision of issuance and implementation of political decree, so that to timely correct delay and deviation of issuance and implementation, and award and encourage good performers in issuance and implementation of political decree, to raise enforcement of political decree. What’s more, contents of political decree supervision also include investigation into problems about issuance and implementation of political decree, such as whether political decree is practical and correct, so that to revise political decree.
II. Modern Administrative Measures
Modern administrative measures are much advanced than before. In these over 200 years after industrial revolution, with fruits of the revolution, administrative measures have undergone qualitative change. These measures could be divided into three categories in general, respectively as communication measure, traffic measure and media measure.
1. Communication Measures
Discovery of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction provided theoretical basis for application of electricity in communication field. The earliest application of electricity in communication was wired telegram, and later appeared wireless telegram. With appearance of a series of new communication measures, telegram business is being eliminated, and many countries have even canceled telegram business.
The measure with most vital life is telephone. Communication through telephone is very direct, with strong sense of reality and intimacy, so telephone is commonly welcomed. After wired telephone, scientist invented wireless telephone, and after man-made earth satellite was sent to outer space, it become possible for wireless telephone to be used in global communication in any environment.
At present, every nation is dedicated in development of satellite communication, and the upsurge is still growing. Satellite communication systems that could cover the whole globe mainly include “Iridium” satellite communication system and “Globalstar” satellite communication system. With global satellite communication system, we could almost get rid of restriction of geomorphic conditions and could use satellite mobile phone at any place and any time. As for personal cell phone, which is convenient, swift and economical, it has been developing rapidly worldwide recently, and the prevalence rate is rising.
In aspect of telephone communication technology, there is a new development trend –optical fiber communication. Optical fiber communication uses light to replace high-frequency microwave, and optical fiber to replace cable, so communication of larger content, better quality and lower cost could be realized.
Video phone is telephone of another form. People that are thousands miles apart will not only be able to hear voice of the other party, but also see the counter party. Communication with people that is thousands of miles away is just like chatting face to face. Many countries have started use of video phone already. With market demands and further reduction of cost, video phone will be easily popularized.
Facsimile is a kind of communication measure that is connected with telephone. Through telephone network, facsimile apparatus could transmit all contents on paper, including both text and picture, to another place. Combination of facsimile and satellite communication makes real-time writing and receiving possible, what’s more, mobile telephone facsimile apparatus that use mobile phone to send and receive facsimiles has started to be used. Compared with communication technology before industrial revolution, modern communication technology has changed greatly.
In recent years, appearance of computer network has influenced communication technology revolutionarily. The largest computer network is Internet that has ten million websites and over one billion users. Multimedia communication provided by internet, which is outcome of combination of communication technology and computer technology, could present voice, image, data and text. What’s more, user could fully control the process of information exchange. People could chat with friends on the other side of the ocean through internet, or discuss questions with colleagues at different places, or negotiate with remote customer on trade, and could also show samples and contract text in such negotiation.
Through internet, computer hardware resources and software resources could be shared. People could transact on stock market, exchange market and future market that are thousands of miles away, could send E-mail that has contents of text, image, video and voice to several receivers at the same time, could read real-time news and various other information, and could also engage in various entertainments. Virtual company, virtual school, virtual city and even virtual nation have all appeared on internet.
With popularization and application of notebook computer and PC phone, computer communication has developed from wired communication to wireless communication, benefiting from which people could enjoy real-time multimedia communication always. Internet is bringing the world to a new realm with highly developed information communication.
2. Traffic Measures
Although horse, carriage and non-motorized ship are still being used as means of transportation as old and backward traffic tools, modern means of transportation have changed people’s travel modes fundamentally. Fruits of industrial revolution have not only accomplished completely new land and water traffic tools, but have also brought human being to seabed, sky and outer space.
After invention of steam engine, people started to think of the way to apply it in land transportation, to replace traditional carriage and oxcart. Earliest application of steam engine was on train. In around 200 years after invention of train, mankind experienced steam engine times, diesel locomotive times and electric locomotive times. Power of locomotive is enlarging, speed raising, and pollution and noise lowering.
In 1964, Japan built the first high-speed railway in the world, Tokaido Shinkansen Line that connects Tokyo and Osaka. Speed per hour of express train could reach 210 kilometers. France, the UK, Germany and China have also built high-speed railways following Japan. What’s more, speed per hour of train is raising continuously, noise is lowering, and carriage is more comfortable.
Besides Japan, France, the UK, Germany and China that have opened express railways, Italy, Belgium, Russia, Sweden, etc. all have operating express trains. Express train Eurostar that goes through English channel tunnel has connected London, Paris and Brussels. In Apr. 2007, French express train made new record of speed – 574 kilometers/hour.
People tried to use steam engine on water transportation ship after invention of steam engine, and successfully manufactured the first steamship in 1907. Today, major power of shipping has developed from steam engine to diesel engine. With such power, maximum load of ship has exceeded 600,000 tons, weighted as a hill (for example, Emma Maersk container ship is as tall as a 12-story building, and as larger as 4 football fields connected, and its carrying capacity has reached 11,000 TEU), speed of common passenger ship and cargo ship has exceeded 30 nautical miles per hour, while speed of special ship is much higher, for example, speed of police yacht could reach 80 nautical miles per hour.
Nuclear powered ship has also appeared. Nuclear power is often used on submarine. Now, submarine could submerge into ocean trench that is thousand of meters deep, and keep under deep ocean several days without surfacing, but it's a pity that submarines are rarely used in scientific research or travel, but are generally used as weapons in war.
As a land transportation mean, automobile is widely used to replace horse. Automobile has far outweighed carriage in aspects of load, speed, comfortableness and endurance. We could see various automobiles everywhere in the world, highways stretch in all directions, particularly in developed countries. Even in developing countries like China, with continuous growth of economic strength, expressways have developed from scratch, and leaped to No.2 in the world.
Invention of plane brought mankind to a completely new time. The earlies application of plane in civil use was in 1918. Regular postal lines were opened from Paris to London and New York—Washington—Chicago. Plane has become an important traffic tool that connects the world and an important war weapon as well.
From invention to development, plane has experienced a process in which the technology content has been increasing constantly, and flying speed becomes faster. Speed of plane has reached 3,000 km/h already. In Nov. 2004, maximum speed of X-43A rocket experiment plane reached 11,260 km/h.
Speed of common subsonic aircraft that we ride on could also exceed 1,000 km/h. Flight distance of subsonic aircraft is long, for example, Boeing 747-400 could fly around 13,000 km without air refueling. Airbus A380 that was developed not long ago by European Airbus is Suburban true to its name, it could carry 800 passengers if only tourist class is provided, and the longest voyage could reach 15,100 km. Invention of aerial tanker has created conditions for long-distance flight.
After the dream of fly was realized, people started to try to go through atmosphere to fly to outer space. In 1961, astronaut Gagarin of Soviet Union entered outer space riding on “Восток-1” spacecraft, and realized mankind's dream of flying out of the earth. In 1969, Apollo Program of America sent astronauts to lunar for the first time. This was the first time that mankind landed on planet other than the Earth. On Oct.16, 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei flied into outer space by “Shenzhou V” spacecraft, and China became the third country that had rushed out of the Earth.
Meanwhile, space probes have successfully landed on planets other than the Earth and moon, such as Venus, Mars and Titan. Mankind have closely observed all the seven planets in solar system besides the Earth, and flied out of solar system. We have built space station overhead the Earth, where scientists could stay for a long while and engage in various scientific research, what's more, space station has started to receive travelers.
According to report of volume of Jan. 2007 of American monthly magazine--Popular Science, United States Marine Corps was being responsible to implement a space transportation research plan. According to this plan, landing aircraft could transport army to any place in the world within two hours. It is obvious that this plan could also be used civilly. Technologies needed in this plan, from hypersonic propulsion system to new composite material, all have been researched and developed in depth in military lab of America. It is estimated that prototype of landing aircraft could test flight 15 years later, and business type could be launched in around 2030.
3. Media Measures
Newspaper and magazines in early days were all printed at one place, and then distributed. People might read timely if they were at the place, or otherwise, they would have to wait a long time. For example, in Qing dynasty that was over 100 years ago in China, people in cities south to Yangtze River that were over 1,000 kilometers away from Beijing would have to wait three to four month to see newspapers from Beijing, so news would be out of date then. Generally speaking, newspapers and magazines would not be distributed to rural areas then. All these were because of restriction of traffic and communication conditions at that time.
Under traffic and communication conditions at that time, significant events happened near news office and magazine office could be fairly timely reflected on newspaper and magazines, while it was impossible for significant news in other places, particularly remote areas to be reflected timely.
With inventions of remote and real-time communication measures, such as telegram and telephone, communication situations have been changed fundamentally. Both news communication technology and magazine printing technology have developed greatly.
Today, news of various places could be sent to news agency, news office or magazine office at any time by E-mail, fax and telephone. What's more, application of modern computer editing system combines communication technology and computer technology closely. Journalist and editor could directly edit manuscript on the display, central computer system of news office or magazine office could receive information from any place in the world, what's more, the information could enter computer phototypesetting system directly and edit into print area itself. Benefiting from application of satellite communication technology and optical fiber communication technology, global news has get rid of restriction of regional and topographic conditions, and definition, accuracy and confidentiality are all better.
So important news at any place of the world could immediately appear on newspapers and magazines worldwide. Printing and issuance of newspaper and magazine are completely different from traditional modes also. Editorial office will send print area to different places to be printed there, so large newspaper office and magazine office could all be able to send publications to readers on the day of publication. In developed countries, most rural areas could get newspapers and magazines on the current day; in developing countries, at least most large and medium cities are able to do so. The timeliness and reliability of news can't be even imagined dozens of years ago.
Appearance and application of broadcasting and television are major breakthroughs to traditional medias. Because of directness and popularity of broadcasting, wireless broadcasting became the most popular media measure soon after it was invented. Prevalence rate of wired broadcasting is also very high, particularly in communist countries like Soviet Union, eastern European communist countries and China, where wired broadcasting is widely used in news spreading. Television develops concurrently with broadcasting.
Broadcasting and television form a historical breakthrough to traditional medias, and broadcasting and television technologies have been developing at high speed. Invention and development of broadcasting and television have changed people's life greatly. Take television as an example, even in China—a developing country that is not very rich, almost every family has one television, and prevalence rate of television is very high even in remote poor areas. Television has become an indispensable part in people's living.
With invention and development of satellite communication technology, broadcasting and television are almost able to rebroadcast every news event live not matter where it happens, such as rebroadcasting the climbing of Qomolangma on land, probing seabed in ocean, astronaut's landing Moon, Martian rover's landing on Mars and space detector's entering atmosphere of Titan. Because of directness and sense of reality, influence of broadcasting and television has exceeded newspapers and magazines.
Another important breakthrough of medias is appearance of internet. We can read news of various famous newspapers, magazines, news agencies, broadcasting stations and television stations in the world through internet, as well as news and information issued by governmental organs, institutions, enterprises, schools and research departments, what's more, the information is provided with text, image and voice together. The timeliness, popularity and sense of reality have brought convenience to various readers, so internet is another historical breakthrough to media measures.
III. Political Decrees of the Greatly Unified Society with Modern Measures
1. Regime Selection
Political decrees are issued by political organizations. Regime will be engendered in due process in the greatly unified society. Evaluated by today's political values, the greatly unified society must be democratic, because democracy is common value of present society. Judged by present values and political concepts, democracy will also protect long-term stability of the greatly unified society.
Democratic selection of regime will have a voting process, no matter it is direct deliberation system or representative deliberation system. To select governmental official or deliberation staff, voters must learn candidates first, in such aspects as political opinion, political performance, manner and behavior, and morality and family that voters often concern about.
Thinker Aristotele who lived in city-state era in Greek described ideal country in his work Politics as that population and land area of ideal country should be proper, which meant that one could see boundary of the country, and could hear herald's voice in peacetime and command of the highest commander in war time. According to his description, population of ideal country won't exceed 10,000 to 20,000. The reason for Aristotele's thought was democratic consideration, because only in very small country can everyone participate in national events directly, and cast a holy ballot according to his own judge in selecting official of the country.
But his student Alexandria built a large monarch country that traversed Europe, Asia and Africa.
In modern times, many large democratic nations whose population was over hundreds of millions and land area over millions of square kilometers appeared. It was obviously impossible for such large nations to adopt direct deliberation system in the past, so they generally adopted representative system, which meant that voters selected representatives that could express opinions on behalf of them to make up representation organ, and took part in political deliberation indirectly. As for selection of governmental leaders, some voters will cast ballots directly, and some will vote through representatives.
The election of largest scale and widest scope in the greatly unified society will be election of leaders of world regime and councilors of world parliament, the voters will be the whole mankind, and voting scope is the whole world. Its scale and scope are both much larger than any election in national society in human history.
To be truly democratic in election of such large scale, every citizen that is titled to cast ballot should be able to cast the holy ballot objectively, fairly and according to his own will. To attain this purpose, the prerequisite is that every voter is able to know the candidates, which means that voter should know administrative policies, political opinions, behaviors, manners, appearances and moralities of candidates.
To realize the target in whole world was unimaginable even if it were tens of dozens years ago, but present measures are completely able to do so. Candidates could present their political opinions through broadcasting, television or internet, their appearances, behaviors and manners will be sent to everyplace in the world. If some candidates want the voters to be able to feel their charms, they could fly to every place to meet voters, and the time needed to fly between any two places will not exceed a day and a night.
Voters could cast ballots in a designated place, or cast separately at home through internet. Internet system could confirm identities of voters and effectiveness of ballots scientifically and strictly, global effective ballots could be rapidly processed by central computer system, and statistic result of billions of ballots will come out in a few seconds, or even shorter time.
Many scholars think that under present conditions of information spreading, no matter how large a country is, it will be able to adopt direct deliberation system if it has used modern scientific technologies fully, and all state polities could be decided by referendum. Democratic ideal that could only be realized by small nation and population visioned by Aristotele could also be realized in the greatly unified society, but it all depends on whether it is necessary.
2. Report of Political Information & Issuance of Political Decrees
Comprehensive consideration of reports from various places will be basis for policy making. The highest authoritative organ in the greatly unified society will be relevant organ of world regime, and the organ that is responsible to collect reports from various place will be some relevant organ of world regime also.
In the greatly unified society, political information will come from various places, and involve various aspects including politics, economy, society, culture, nationality and religion, and the whole mankind will be related. Correctiveness and timeliness of decision will be determined firstly by that whether political information of various places could be timely and accurately reported to relevant department of world regime. Some situations need to be dealt with immediately, without any delay, for example, disaster relief will be required immediately after occurrence of natural disasters, such as earthquake, flood and tsunami, large scale crime and social turmoil should be quelled immediately. If these circumstances can't be timely reported to relevant department of world regime, and measures can't be adopted decisively, then a series of very serious results may be caused.
Magnitude of earthquake happened in Tangshan, China in 1976 hit 7.6 on the Richter Scale, 240,000 people lost their lives suddenly, and nearly a million people, many of which were pressed under debris, needed rescue. How to report the disaster to central government became a problem. Tangshan was less than 200 kilometers from the capital Beijing, but as telephone wire was damaged in earthquake, and there was no satellite communication then, reporter had to intercept a truck to went to Beijing, and spent six to seven hours from Tangshan to Beijing. It was just 30 years ago.
It obviously won't work in the greatly unified society to report disasters this way, there must be some efficient communication measure to timely report and rescue natural disasters, or otherwise, loss of lives and assets will be unimaginable.
In fact, present communication measures are completely able to do so, telephone, fax and E-mail all could immediately send information to any other place on the Earth.
Under such communication conditions, political decrees could be issued conveniently, no matter it is oral issuance or issuance in image or textual forms, the political decree could be sent immediately. Even if the original document is required to be sent to executor, the decree could be delivered there in one or two days by such transportation measures as airplane, train and automobile.
Issuance of some decree will need to convene meeting. If people from various places are required to attend a meeting at a fixed place, then time spent from starting out to arriving at the meeting place will be one or two days in general. It was impossible to hold such global conference before the industrial revolution, because from notice to open of the meeting would need at least one to two years time at that era.
What’s more, there are many meeting modes at present. If people are not required to gather at a fixed place, and the meeting is very urgent and should be convened immediately and attended by relevant staffs worldwide, then telephone conference, television conference or internet conference could be adopted.
Science and technology are making the world smaller and smaller. People often compare the world we live in as a small village—the global village.
3. Execution and Supervision of Political Decrees
Execution and supervision of political decrees are closely related to traffic conditions. We may take natural disaster and large scale crime and social turmoil as examples, and analyze from this point.
Under modern traffic and transportation conditions, when earthquake or flood happens at a place, and world regime decides to allocate disaster relief staffs and materials, the first group could adopt airfreight under urgent conditions. Under most unsatisfactory conditions—allocating materials from the farthest place, only a day and a night will be needed. In fact, world government will allocate staffs and materials to cope with such accidents reasonably in the whole globe, and allocate staffs and materials from a place nearby. The first group of staffs and materials could be transported by air, and the coming relief staffs and materials of large scale could be transported by train or ship, which are both very convenient under modern traffic conditions.
To cope with large scale crime and social turmoil, the government will mobilize army whose reaction is very quick and could come and go at the government's order. In the principle of proximity, rapid reaction force could arrive soon by air or land transportation.
As for supervision of political decrees, staffs in different organs of world regime could go to local areas to check and supervise the execution, and timely report what they learn to relevant departments of world regime. Under convenient traffic conditions and real-time communications at present, government supervisors could fly to every place of the world to carry out examination and supervision work. The time spent on the way will not exceed one to two days in general.
If situation of supervision needs to be timely reported, then supervisor could use cell phone, or use notebook, cell phone facsimile apparatus to send relevant images and texts. If personal report and research are needed, then the time spent on way will be one to two days at the most.
To ensure thorough implementation of political decrees, supervise and guide various regions, organizations and relevant staffs to execute governmental decrees actively and consciously, people should fully understand importance of every political decree, so various publicity and education work are needed, and various medias will play an important role in this aspect.
Various convenient media measures will be a reliable guarantee for effective governance of the greatly unified society. Newspapers and magazines could be sent to every place in the world in the current day of publication, news of various places and policies made by governments could appear on newspapers on the current day also; various broadcasting televisions could not only broadcast policies and decisions made by governments, but also broadcast speeches lively worldwide if political leaders think it necessary. By vivid elaboration of leaders, people could deeply understand intension of the government; internet is a kind of important media measure, because of its prevalence and large amount of information, internet is an important measure for world regime to publicize its policies and make sure that they are implemented thoroughly.
It has improved that modern science and technology have provided powerful safeguard to fluent political decrees in the greatly unified society, which is a necessary and sufficient hard technical condition for efficient governance of the greatly unified society.
As we know, Zino, Kant, Marx and Engels all had put forward the thought about unification of mankind, but technical conditions for great unification of mankind were not ready. Even in the ear of Kang Youwei, technical conditions for global management were still very awkward. Only over 100 years ago, the traffic measures, communication measures and media measures were very difficult to govern a large country, but today, all these have changed fundamentally.
What needs to be clarified is that, advanced traffic, communication and media measures that we have today could only improve that present technical conditions could meet requirements of governance of the greatly unified society, and previous elaboration is based on the condition that these scientific and technological fruits could be popularized worldwide. However, these technical fruits are not popularized in fact, particularly in many poor nations and regions where people are living primitive lives, modern scientific and technological fruits haven't been spread there. To govern the greatly unified society effectively, these scientific and technological fruits must be popularized to every region and group in the world, which could be realized by human efforts. What needs to be explained is that popularity of these scientific and technological results doesn't go against strict restriction of development of science and technology, because these scientific and technological fruits are existing fruits rather than further development of science and technology.
